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2020
Conference article
Open Access
Requirements management in automotive: an empirical study on process improvement areas
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the automotive domain the development of software-intensive components is mainly demanded to specialized suppliers that are required by car manufacturers a.k.a. OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to measure and, eventually, improve their development process by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE. Automotive SPICE is therefore a widely-Applied reference framework providing a set of requested practices in the development life-cycle, including requirements management. Requirements management is a key issue in automotive because the high volatility of requirements during projects and the need of interactions among different stakeholders. This paper aims at contributing in identifying what are the most frequent weaknesses in requirements management in automotive. The authors present the results of an empirical study aimed at characterizing and analyzing recurrent requirement management weaknesses in automotive. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have evaluated requirement management practices on the basis of the evidences gathered from real industrial development projects during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations world-wide. This paper is intended to derive a picture of the state-of-The-practice of requirements management in automotive focusing on the development of software-intensive automotive components. The purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknesses.Source: IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, pp. 271–279, Online conference, 02-04/09/2020
DOI: 10.1109/re48521.2020.00037
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the automotive domain the development of software-intensive components is mainly demanded to specialized suppliers that are required by car manufacturers a.k.a. OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to measure and, eventually, improve their development process by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE. Automotive SPICE is therefore a widely-Applied reference framework providing a set of requested practices in the development life-cycle, including requirements management. Requirements management is a key issue in automotive because the high volatility of requirements during projects and the need of interactions among different stakeholders. This paper aims at contributing in identifying what are the most frequent weaknesses in requirements management in automotive. The authors present the results of an empirical study aimed at characterizing and analyzing recurrent requirement management weaknesses in automotive. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have evaluated requirement management practices on the basis of the evidences gathered from real industrial development projects during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations world-wide. This paper is intended to derive a picture of the state-of-The-practice of requirements management in automotive focusing on the development of software-intensive automotive components. The purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknesses.Source: IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, pp. 271–279, Online conference, 02-04/09/2020
DOI: 10.1109/re48521.2020.00037
Metrics:
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ISTI Repository 
| doi.org 
| ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2019
Conference article
Closed Access
Embracing software process improvement in automotive through PISA Model
Falcini F., Lami G.
Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car-makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. In this setting, several reference standards for the assessment and improvement of automotive electronics processes and projects have been conceived and used in the last decade. Although the effects of the application of them in automotive industry have been generally positive, getting compliance in the short period may represent, in some contexts, a target hardly achievable, or even a chimera. In this context, a novel scheme addressing both project evaluation and process improvement and targeting a hand-on approach for the practitioners has been recently developed starting from the analysis of practitioners needs and success factors in the software process improvement. This scheme is named Process Improvement Scheme for Automotive (PISA Model). The structure and contents of the PISA Model is described in this paper.Source: PROFES 2019 - International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, pp. 73–88, Barcelona, Spain, 27-29 November 2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35333-9_5
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car-makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. In this setting, several reference standards for the assessment and improvement of automotive electronics processes and projects have been conceived and used in the last decade. Although the effects of the application of them in automotive industry have been generally positive, getting compliance in the short period may represent, in some contexts, a target hardly achievable, or even a chimera. In this context, a novel scheme addressing both project evaluation and process improvement and targeting a hand-on approach for the practitioners has been recently developed starting from the analysis of practitioners needs and success factors in the software process improvement. This scheme is named Process Improvement Scheme for Automotive (PISA Model). The structure and contents of the PISA Model is described in this paper.Source: PROFES 2019 - International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, pp. 73–88, Barcelona, Spain, 27-29 November 2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35333-9_5
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doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2018
Conference article
Closed Access
A novel model for development project assessment in automotive
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the last two decades, automotive witnessed a continuous and unstoppable trend to innovation. Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car-makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. In this setting, Automotive SPICE became a reference standard for the assessment and improvement of automotive electronics processes and projects. The effects of the application of Automotive SPICE in automotive industry have been substantially positive in terms of process awareness, possibility of benchmarking, development discipline, and incitement to improvement. Nevertheless, getting compliant in the short period to Automotive SPICE requirements may represent, in some contexts, a target hardly achievable, or even a chimera. In this paper we present a novel automotive-specific scheme for process evaluation and improvement. This scheme has been conceived taking into account the authors experience in automotive as Automotive SPICE principal assessors and it aims at setting up basic objectives in terms of process performance in terms of discipline, technical soundness and completeness in project deployment. The scheme is going to be validated by performing trials with real projects.Source: SPICE 2018 - International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, pp. 73–85, Thessaloniki, Greece, 9-10 October 2018
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00623-5_6
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the last two decades, automotive witnessed a continuous and unstoppable trend to innovation. Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car-makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. In this setting, Automotive SPICE became a reference standard for the assessment and improvement of automotive electronics processes and projects. The effects of the application of Automotive SPICE in automotive industry have been substantially positive in terms of process awareness, possibility of benchmarking, development discipline, and incitement to improvement. Nevertheless, getting compliant in the short period to Automotive SPICE requirements may represent, in some contexts, a target hardly achievable, or even a chimera. In this paper we present a novel automotive-specific scheme for process evaluation and improvement. This scheme has been conceived taking into account the authors experience in automotive as Automotive SPICE principal assessors and it aims at setting up basic objectives in terms of process performance in terms of discipline, technical soundness and completeness in project deployment. The scheme is going to be validated by performing trials with real projects.Source: SPICE 2018 - International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, pp. 73–85, Thessaloniki, Greece, 9-10 October 2018
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00623-5_6
Metrics:
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doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2018
Report
Open Access
Process improvement scheme for automotive - PISA Model ver. 2.0
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the last two decades, automotive witnessed a continuous and unstoppable trend to innovation. Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car- makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. This Technical Report presents a novel automotive- specific scheme for process evaluation and improvement. This scheme has been conceived taking into account the authors experience in automotive as Automotive SPICE principal assessors and it aims at setting up basic objectives in terms of process performance in terms of discipline, technical soundness and completeness in project deployment.Source: ISTI Technical Reports, 2018
Falcini F., Lami G.
In the last two decades, automotive witnessed a continuous and unstoppable trend to innovation. Vehicles innovation is principally driven by electronics components and software that play today a predominant role for the vehicle's functions. Because the quality of on-board automotive electronic systems is strongly dependent on the quality of their development practices, car- makers and suppliers proactively focused on improvement of technical and organizational processes. This Technical Report presents a novel automotive- specific scheme for process evaluation and improvement. This scheme has been conceived taking into account the authors experience in automotive as Automotive SPICE principal assessors and it aims at setting up basic objectives in terms of process performance in terms of discipline, technical soundness and completeness in project deployment.Source: ISTI Technical Reports, 2018
See at:
ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Open Access
An integrated software development lifecycle for intelligent automotive software: the W model
Falcini F., Lami G.
Deep learning is becoming crucial to the development of automotive software for applications such as autonomous driving. The authors have devised a framework that supports a robust, disciplined development lifecycle for such software, and a comprehensive integration with traditional automotive software engineering.Source: ERCIM news 109 (2017): 31–32.
Falcini F., Lami G.
Deep learning is becoming crucial to the development of automotive software for applications such as autonomous driving. The authors have devised a framework that supports a robust, disciplined development lifecycle for such software, and a comprehensive integration with traditional automotive software engineering.Source: ERCIM news 109 (2017): 31–32.
See at:
ercim-news.ercim.eu | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Open Access
Deep Learning in Automotive Software
Falcini F., Lami G., Mitidieri A. C.
Deep-learning-based systems are becoming pervasive in automotive software. So, in the automotive software engineering community, the awareness of the need to integrate deep-learning-based development with traditional development approaches is growing, at the technical, methodological, and cultural levels. In particular, data-intensive deep neural network (DNN) training, using ad hoc training data, is pivotal in the development of software for vehicle functions that rely on deep learning. Researchers have devised a development lifecycle for deep-learning-based development and are participating in an initiative, based on Automotive SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination), that's promoting the effective adoption of DNN in automotive software. This article is part of a theme issue on Automotive Software.Source: IEEE software 34 (2017): 56–63. doi:10.1109/MS.2017.79
DOI: 10.1109/ms.2017.79
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G., Mitidieri A. C.
Deep-learning-based systems are becoming pervasive in automotive software. So, in the automotive software engineering community, the awareness of the need to integrate deep-learning-based development with traditional development approaches is growing, at the technical, methodological, and cultural levels. In particular, data-intensive deep neural network (DNN) training, using ad hoc training data, is pivotal in the development of software for vehicle functions that rely on deep learning. Researchers have devised a development lifecycle for deep-learning-based development and are participating in an initiative, based on Automotive SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination), that's promoting the effective adoption of DNN in automotive software. This article is part of a theme issue on Automotive Software.Source: IEEE software 34 (2017): 56–63. doi:10.1109/MS.2017.79
DOI: 10.1109/ms.2017.79
Metrics:
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ISTI Repository | IEEE Software | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2017
Conference article
Restricted
Challenges in certification of autonomous driving systems
Falcini F., Lami G.
Autonomous Driving is the next frontier of the automotive industry. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are going to be pervasively used in modern automobiles. New ADAS are principally based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, and in particular on deep learning. While the automotive community is aware of the important changes such a technology demands in terms of technical skills, development paradigms, and cultural approach, there is still a important lack to be filled in the availability of technical standards and, consequently, in terms of certification capability. The existing standards, in fact, are more or less explicitly referring to a traditional way of developing software and systems, so they not suitable at all to be applied to ADAS. In this paper the open issues in certification of AI technologies in automotive are addressed by providing an overview of the existing standards and the related applicability issues.Source: IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops, pp. 286–293, Toulouse, France, 23-26/10/2017
DOI: 10.1109/issrew.2017.45
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
Autonomous Driving is the next frontier of the automotive industry. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are going to be pervasively used in modern automobiles. New ADAS are principally based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, and in particular on deep learning. While the automotive community is aware of the important changes such a technology demands in terms of technical skills, development paradigms, and cultural approach, there is still a important lack to be filled in the availability of technical standards and, consequently, in terms of certification capability. The existing standards, in fact, are more or less explicitly referring to a traditional way of developing software and systems, so they not suitable at all to be applied to ADAS. In this paper the open issues in certification of AI technologies in automotive are addressed by providing an overview of the existing standards and the related applicability issues.Source: IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops, pp. 286–293, Toulouse, France, 23-26/10/2017
DOI: 10.1109/issrew.2017.45
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doi.org | www.computer.org | CNR ExploRA
2017
Conference article
Restricted
Deep learning in automotive: Challenges and opportunities
Falcini F., Lami G.
The interest of the automotive industry in deep-learning-based technology is growing and related applications are going to be pervasively used in the modern automobiles. Automotive is a domain where different standards addressing the software development process apply, as Automotive SPICE and, for functional safety relevant products, ISO 26262. So, in the automotive software engineering community, the awareness of the need to integrate deep-learning-based development with development approaches derived from these standards is growing, at the technical, methodological, and cultural levels. This paper starts from a lifecycle for deep-learning-based development defined by the authors, called W-model, and addresses the issue of the applicability of Automotive SPICE to deep-learning-based developments. A conceptual mapping between Automotive SPICE and the deep learning lifecycles phases is provided in this paper with the aim of highlighting the open issues related to the applicability of automotive software development standards to deep learning.Source: Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. 17th International Conference, pp. 279–288, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 4-5/10/2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67383-7_21
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
The interest of the automotive industry in deep-learning-based technology is growing and related applications are going to be pervasively used in the modern automobiles. Automotive is a domain where different standards addressing the software development process apply, as Automotive SPICE and, for functional safety relevant products, ISO 26262. So, in the automotive software engineering community, the awareness of the need to integrate deep-learning-based development with development approaches derived from these standards is growing, at the technical, methodological, and cultural levels. This paper starts from a lifecycle for deep-learning-based development defined by the authors, called W-model, and addresses the issue of the applicability of Automotive SPICE to deep-learning-based developments. A conceptual mapping between Automotive SPICE and the deep learning lifecycles phases is provided in this paper with the aim of highlighting the open issues related to the applicability of automotive software development standards to deep learning.Source: Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. 17th International Conference, pp. 279–288, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 4-5/10/2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67383-7_21
Metrics:
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doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2016
Conference article
Restricted
An Empirical Study on Software Testing Practices in Automotive
Lami G., Biscoglio I., Falcini F.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at characterizing and analyzing recurrent software development weaknesses in automotive industry. In the automotive domain software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE (TM). The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly recorded and identified specific software process improvement opportunities on the basis of the evidences gathered from real software development projects during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations world-wide. This paper, that focuses specifically on the software testing-related processes, is a step of a wider study that the authors are carrying out. Such a study aims at identifying, using data from real automotive software development projects, common software development weaknesses having negative impact according Automotive SPICE (TM), in order to derive a picture of the state of the practice of software development in automotive and to provide researchers and practitioners with a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknesses.Source: Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. 16th International Conference, pp. 301–315, Dublin, Ireland, 9-10 June 2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38980-6_22
Metrics:
Lami G., Biscoglio I., Falcini F.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at characterizing and analyzing recurrent software development weaknesses in automotive industry. In the automotive domain software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE (TM). The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly recorded and identified specific software process improvement opportunities on the basis of the evidences gathered from real software development projects during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations world-wide. This paper, that focuses specifically on the software testing-related processes, is a step of a wider study that the authors are carrying out. Such a study aims at identifying, using data from real automotive software development projects, common software development weaknesses having negative impact according Automotive SPICE (TM), in order to derive a picture of the state of the practice of software development in automotive and to provide researchers and practitioners with a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknesses.Source: Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. 16th International Conference, pp. 301–315, Dublin, Ireland, 9-10 June 2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38980-6_22
Metrics:
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doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2015
Conference article
Restricted
Investigation on common software process weaknesses in automotive
Biscoglio I., Falcini F., Lami G.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at pointing out common weaknesses in software development in automotive industry. In automotive software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICETM. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly observed and analyzed specific software process improvement opportunities during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations. This paper, that focuses specifically on the project management and quality assurance processes, is an initial step of a wider study that the authors are carrying out. Such a study aims at identifying, using data from automotive software development projects, common software development weaknesses having negative impact according Automotive SPICETM, in order to give a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknessesSource: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pp. 110–117, Beijing, China, 22-23/10/2015
DOI: 10.1109/esem.2015.7321206
Metrics:
Biscoglio I., Falcini F., Lami G.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at pointing out common weaknesses in software development in automotive industry. In automotive software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICETM. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly observed and analyzed specific software process improvement opportunities during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations. This paper, that focuses specifically on the project management and quality assurance processes, is an initial step of a wider study that the authors are carrying out. Such a study aims at identifying, using data from automotive software development projects, common software development weaknesses having negative impact according Automotive SPICETM, in order to give a reference for improvement initiatives aimed at solving those weaknessesSource: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pp. 110–117, Beijing, China, 22-23/10/2015
DOI: 10.1109/esem.2015.7321206
Metrics:
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doi.org | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2015
Conference article
Closed Access
An empirical study on software process improvement in automotive
Falcini F., Lami G.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study on process improvement initiatives linked to management of software developments for the automotive industry. In this context the software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE®. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly observed and analyzed specific software process improvement opportunities during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations. This paper, that focuses specifically on the project management process, is the initial step of a wider study. Such a study aims at identifying common weaknesses in industrial projects having negative impact according Automotive SPICE. The study relies on data taken from several assessments performed world-wide and it shows the most occurring weaknesses in terms of the project management process base practices - such recurrent weaknesses that are then clustered appropriately and analyzed to provide insight in this crucial process.Source: 15th International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, SPICE 2015, pp. 3–12, Gothenburg, Sweden, 16-17/06/2015
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19860-6_1
Metrics:
Falcini F., Lami G.
This paper presents the results of an empirical study on process improvement initiatives linked to management of software developments for the automotive industry. In this context the software development is mainly demanded to specialized software suppliers that are required by car makers to improve and measure the process quality of their projects by applying process models such as Automotive SPICE®. The authors, as Automotive SPICE assessors, have directly observed and analyzed specific software process improvement opportunities during a significant number of assessments performed at several organizations. This paper, that focuses specifically on the project management process, is the initial step of a wider study. Such a study aims at identifying common weaknesses in industrial projects having negative impact according Automotive SPICE. The study relies on data taken from several assessments performed world-wide and it shows the most occurring weaknesses in terms of the project management process base practices - such recurrent weaknesses that are then clustered appropriately and analyzed to provide insight in this crucial process.Source: 15th International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, SPICE 2015, pp. 3–12, Gothenburg, Sweden, 16-17/06/2015
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19860-6_1
Metrics:
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doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2014
Conference article
Restricted
Automotive SPICE assessments in safety-critical contexts: an experience report
Lami G. L., Falcini F.
Modern vehicles are definitely "software-intensive" systems (someone says "computers with wheels"). Software is now implementing and/or controlling a growing number of traditional functions as well as new innovative functions, made possible only by software. Software is also taking charge of functions traditionally controlled by the driver. It is not surprising that a growing number of these functions are "safety related" at various level of risk depending on the possible hazards they are related to. To face such a situation, the automotive community is adopting two standards addressing the way software-intensive systems are developed: Automotive SPICE and the Functional Safety standard ISO 26262. In this paper, starting from the experience of the author in leading Automotive SPICET Assessments in safety-critical contexts, the mutual influences between Automotive SPICE and ISO 26262 as well as the opportunities and challenges related to the need of comply with both of these standards are discussed and possible effective way to integrate them are proposed.Source: ISSREW-woSoCer 2014 - IEEE 25th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops, pp. 497–502, Napoli, Italy, 3-6 November 2014
DOI: 10.1109/issrew.2014.81
Metrics:
Lami G. L., Falcini F.
Modern vehicles are definitely "software-intensive" systems (someone says "computers with wheels"). Software is now implementing and/or controlling a growing number of traditional functions as well as new innovative functions, made possible only by software. Software is also taking charge of functions traditionally controlled by the driver. It is not surprising that a growing number of these functions are "safety related" at various level of risk depending on the possible hazards they are related to. To face such a situation, the automotive community is adopting two standards addressing the way software-intensive systems are developed: Automotive SPICE and the Functional Safety standard ISO 26262. In this paper, starting from the experience of the author in leading Automotive SPICET Assessments in safety-critical contexts, the mutual influences between Automotive SPICE and ISO 26262 as well as the opportunities and challenges related to the need of comply with both of these standards are discussed and possible effective way to integrate them are proposed.Source: ISSREW-woSoCer 2014 - IEEE 25th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops, pp. 497–502, Napoli, Italy, 3-6 November 2014
DOI: 10.1109/issrew.2014.81
Metrics:
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doi.org | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA